Labour Day in Canada, which we celebrate on the first Monday in September, isn’t just another long weekend. Sure, it’s a great time to enjoy the last bit of summer, but it’s also a day to recognize the contributions of Canadian workers and the history behind the labour movement. Let’s take a look at the origins of Labour Day, how it became a national holiday, and how we, as Canadians, like to celebrate.
How Labour Day Came to Be
The story of Labour Day in Canada kicks off in the early 1870s, during a time of significant industrial growth in Canada. Workers demanded better conditions, fair pay, and, most importantly, shorter workdays. One of the most pivotal moments was the Toronto Printers' Strike of 1872, where more than 100 printers downed tools to push for a nine-hour workday instead of the usual ten. This strike was part of the larger Nine-Hour Movement that was sweeping across the country.
Although the strike didn’t immediately achieve its goals, it wasn’t all for nothing. It drew public attention to the condition of workers and led to the passing of the Trade Union Act, which officially legalized unions in Canada. This was a big win for the labour movement and set the stage for future successes.
Fast forward to 1894, and the Canadian government, recognizing the growing influence of the labour movement, made Labour Day a national holiday. The first Monday in September was chosen, aligning with similar celebrations in the United States of America. Since then, Labour Day has been a staple on our calendars, a day off between Canada Day and Thanksgiving that honours the hard work and achievements of Canadian workers.
Noteworthy Labour Strikes in Canada’s History
Before we get into how we celebrate, it’s worth remembering a few key labour strikes that helped shape the rights we enjoy today:
The Winnipeg General Strike of 1919
This is the largest strike in Canadian history. It started on May 15, 1919, when over 30,000 workers in Winnipeg walked off the job to demand better wages, working conditions, and the right to collective bargaining. The strike lasted six weeks and ended in violence on June 21, 1919, what’s now known as "Bloody Saturday." This event had a profound impact on labour laws and the formation of unions in Canada.The Asbestos Strike of 1949
This strike, which began on February 14, 1949, in Asbestos, Quebec, involved over 5,000 workers who were fighting for better wages, safer working conditions, and union recognition. It closed major asbestos mines for nearly five months. The Quebec government sided with the American-owned company, which was the main employer, leading to violence by the workers. This strike is often seen as a key moment in Quebec's history and influenced the Quiet Revolution, paving the way for future political leaders like Pierre Trudeau.
How We Celebrate Labour Day
Now that we’ve got a bit of history under our belts let’s talk about how Canadians typically celebrate Labour Day. Here’s a glimpse:
Parades and Festivals: In many cities, especially the big ones like Toronto and Vancouver, Labour Day is celebrated with parades and festivals organized by labour unions. These events are a great way to honour workers, with speeches, live music, and a lot of community spirit.
Outdoor Fun: For many of us, Labour Day weekend is the last hurrah of summer. It’s the perfect time for camping, hiking, or heading to the cottage. Parks and campgrounds are packed as Canadians take advantage of the long weekend.
Sports Events: The Labour Day Classic is a must-watch for Canadian football fans. The Canadian Football League (CFL) puts on some of its biggest rivalry games, like the ones between the Toronto Argonauts and Hamilton Tiger-Cats, as well as the Saskatchewan Roughriders and Winnipeg Blue Bombers. It’s a huge part of the Labour Day tradition.
Family Time and Back-to-School Prep: Labour Day is also about spending time with family. Whether it’s a backyard barbecue or a picnic, it’s a time to relax and enjoy the company of loved ones. It’s also the last chance to get those back-to-school supplies ready, as the school year is just around the corner.
Conclusion
Labour Day in Canada is more than just a day off. It’s a day to remember the struggles and achievements of workers who fought for the rights we have today. Whether you’re attending a parade, enjoying the great outdoors, or just relaxing with family, take a moment to reflect on the importance of the labour movement and its ongoing impact on our country. Happy Labour Day!
Resources
The Canadiana Encyclopedia
Library and Archives Canada on Flikr: Labour Day
Canadian Football League: Labour Day Classic
